Ingredients:
70g margarine
28g sugar
1 egg
2 Tablespoons honey
175g self-raising flour
1 teaspoon cinnamon
pinch of salt
Note: You can substitute self-raising flour with flour and baking powder. Nigella Lawson suggests you should add 2 teaspoon of baking powder to 150g plain flour.
マーガリン 70g
砂糖 28g
卵 １個
はちみつ 大２
セルフレイジングフラワー 175g
シナモン 小１
塩ひとつまみ
セルフレイジングフラワーの代わりに、普通の小麦粉とベーキングパウダーで代用できます。ナイジェラ・ローソンのサイトでは、小麦粉150gあたり小さじ２杯のベーキングパウダーを加えるとしています。
Instructions:
1. Preheat the oven to 190C/170C fan.
2. Cream the margarine and sugar.
3. Beat in the egg.
4. Add the honey, work in the flour, cinnamon and salt.
5. Roll out until ¼ inch thick.
6. Cut into rounds, place on a baking sheet.
7. Bake in an oven for 10 minutes.
1. オーブンを190℃（コンベクションオーブンの場合は170℃）に予熱する。
2. マーガリンと砂糖を混ぜてクリーム状にする。
3. 卵を加え、よく混ぜる。
4. はちみつを加え、小麦粉、シナモン、塩を加えて混ぜる。
5. 生地を6〜7mmの厚さに伸ばす。
6. 丸いカッターで型抜きし、ベーキングシートに乗せる。
7. オーブンで10分焼く。
Background:
This one is from the Ministry of Food’s Making the Most of the Sugar leaflet. It says:
The best way of stretching the sugar ration is by making full use of other sweetenings such as saccharin, honey, golden syrup or treacle, jam, marmalade, sweetened condensed milk and dried fruit.
Sugar was rationed since January 1940.
According to Warwick & Leamington Beekeepers’ Association, beekeeping and membership was declined at the early days of the war, presumably because people were more concerned about war effort elsewhere. At their AGM meeting in November 1939, however, members were urged “to increase their stocks if at all possible as it was of National importance that beekeeping should be kept going during these days of war” and efforts were made to recruit new members. Their branch members donated honey to the Red Cross and submarine crews.
During the war, to help food production, people were encourage to grow their own food. A few bee hives were commonly seen in gardens and allotments, as bees not only produce honey, but also help pollination of the crops.
Because of its antiseptic properties, honey was also used to dress wounds.
Despite sugar rationing, Lloyd George said in the commons debate on 18 March 1941, “the Ministry of Food already makes available to bee-keepers supplies of sugar for the purpose of winter and spring feeding”. This indicates how the government valued supporting domestic honey production.
From April 1942, imported and imitation honey was included in ration in the point system. In 1944, approximately half the consumption came from domestic production and the half was from import.
The demand for honey dropped when sugar came off ration in the 1950s. Additionally, agricultural practice has changed: the use of pesticides was increased and hedgerows were destroyed. These factors made life hard for bees and beekeepers after the war.
Process:
 |
| Ingredients 材料 |
 |
|
Cream margarine and sugar マーガリンと砂糖をクリーム状にする |
 |
|
Beat in the egg 卵を加える
|
 |
| Add honey はちみつを加える |
 |
| Add the dry ingredients 粉、シナモン、塩を加えて混ぜる |
 |
| The dough 生地 |
 |
| Bake for 10 minutes 10分オーブンで焼く |
Verdict:
I had never heard of honey biscuits before, but they were simple treat and a perfect accompaniment to a cup of tea. They are nothing fancy and not overly sweet, but somehow made me feel nostalgic.
イギリスでは1940年1月から、砂糖が配給されるようになりました。少ない砂糖のかわりにはちみつ、サッカリン、ゴールデンシロップやジャムなど、他の甘味料の使用が推奨されました。
養蜂も奨励され、冬季などには、砂糖の一部分が養蜂用に回されました。人々の庭や市民菜園には、養蜂用の巣箱が置かれることが多くありました。蜂ははちみつを作るだけでなく、授粉するので、重宝されたのです。また、その殺菌力の高さから、傷の応急処置にも使われました。
私ははちみつビスケットというものを聞いたことがなかったのですが、とても素朴で、ほんのりとした甘みは紅茶にとてもあいます。なぜか懐かしさを感じさせるビスケットでした。
Bibliography:
HC Deb 18 March 1941, Honey, Volume 370, available at: https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1941-03-18/debates/c82b987d-960e-4457-b0cc-7cff356d406c/Honey?highlight=honey#contribution-7966f264-726f-4009-ba8b-d9d7bb36d519
HC Deb 21 February 1945, Honey Production, Volume 408, available at: https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1945-02-21/debates/e92cf2eb-bfe3-4211-9a9b-7ec7f008a948/HoneyProduction
The Ministry of Food, 1945, Making the Most of Sugar (His Majesty’s Stationery Office, London)
The Ministry of Food, 1946, How Britain was Fed in War Time: Food Control 1939-1945 (His Majesty’s Stationery Office, London)
Ministry of Food, 1951, The Urban Working-Class Household Diet 1940 to 1949: First Report of the National Food Survey Committee (His Majesty’s Stationery Office, London)
Simpson, Joy, 2009, ‘Beekeeping in Swindon during WWII’, BBC Wiltshire, 5 August 2009, available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/wiltshire/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8184000/8184997.stm
Warwick & Leamington Beekeepers’ Association, 2023, ‘History 1939-1957’, available at: https://warleambees.org.uk/history-1939-1957/
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